What is TOEFL?

What is TOEFL?
(Indonesian Version)

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is an English Test designed and developed by ETS (Educational Testing Service) in New Jersey, USA since 1963. 

What is TOEFL Test For?

• TOEFL Test is aimed at measuring the student's proficiency in academic contexts.
• The purpose of the test is also to evaluate the English proficiency of non native speaker of English.  It is required by English language colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, business, or scholarship programs may require this test. 

Next Article is Types of Toefl Test.

Advantages of TOEFL Test

Previous Article: Types of TOEFL Test

The TOEFL Test Gives You Advantages

1. More Choices

More than 7,500 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries rely on TOEFL test scores to help make admissions decisions. 

2. More Convenient

You can take the TOEFL test at your choice of more than 4,500 conveniently located test sites in more than 165 countries worldwide. You also save time and money since the entire test is given in one day, rather than coming back a second day like some other tests.

3. Measures Academic Skills

The TOEFL test helps prove you have the English skills you will actually use in an academic classroom. In the test, you may read a passage from a textbook and listen to a lecture and then speak or write in response, just like you would in a classroom. Because the test is composed of 100% academic questions and tasks, many universities consider it the most appropriate test to use when making admissions decisions.

4. Rates Speaking More Fairly

Sure, you can take a test with a Speaking interview, but what if your interviewer has a bad day and rates you lower than you deserve? With the TOEFL test, there's no doubt your score is more objective and reliable, because Speaking responses are recorded and evaluated by three to six ETS raters rather than only one rater from a local testing site.

5. Scores Help You Stand Out

TOEFL test scores help you stand out because of the TOEFL test's reputation for quality, fairness and 100% academic composition. It is the most widely accepted English-language test in the world, including more than 7,500 colleges, universities, agencies and other institutions in 130 countries. And that list includes the top 100 universities in the world.

Source:

ETS

Types of TOEFL Test

 Previous Article: What is TOEFL?

TOEFL Test, released by ETS, has three types;
(Indonesian Version)

1. PBT (Paper Based Test)
2. CBT (Computer Based Test)
3. IBT ( Internet Based Test)

1. PBT (Paper Based Test)

PBT-TOEFL is the first type of TOEFL Test released by ETS. PBT-TOEFL system still uses paper and/or sheets of paper and answer sheets that must be filled with 2B pencil.

The test lasts for 2 to 2.5 hours and The materials tested are:

• Listening
• Structure, and 
• Reading 

 A score range of PBT is 310-677.

2. CBT (Computer Based Test)

CBT-TOEFL is the second form of TOEFL TEST replacing PBT-TOEFL. CBT-TOEFL doesn't use paper any more, but computer. All test materials are stored in computer and the Test is directly done in computer, too. CBT was firstly issued in 1998.

The test lasts for 2 to 2.5 hours and the materials tested are:

• Listening
• Structure
• Reading, and
• Writing 

A score range of CBT is  0 - 300.

3. IBT (Internet Based Test)

iBT-TOEFL or also known as Next Generation (NG) of TOEFL TEST is the latest form of TOEFL Test issued by ETS. ETS did many changes in the test format and system. iBT-TOEFL uses computer media connected to Internet in Test process. Thus, the test participants can directly be on-line with the ETS and the answer test questions are also on-line, too.

The test lasts for 4 hours and the materials tested are:

• Listening
• speaking
• writing, and Reading 

A score range of iBT is 0-120.

Next Article: Advantages of TOEFL Test 

TOEFL Listening diagnostic pre-test

Th Following Pre Test is for Paper Based Test only.

Dianostic listening pre-test is held to

1. Find out someone's listening skill before studying the skills. 
2.  Check how far TOEFL Test Takers have mastered listening skills

The dianostic pre-test consists of three parts:

1. Listening Part A or short dialogue, has 30 numbers
2. Listening Part B or longer conversation, has eight numbers, and
3. Part C speech or talks, has twelve humbers.

Dianostic pre-test usually takes about 35 minutes. The test also includes the directon on how to do the listening pre-test.

DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST

SECTION 1

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Tune—approximately 35 minutes

(including the reading of the directions for each part)

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Do not take notes or write in your test book at any time. Do not turn the pages until you are told to do so.

Part A

Directions: In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.

On the recording, you will hear:

(man)      : That exam was just awful.
(woman) : Oh, it could have been worse.
(narrator): What does the woman mean?

In your test book, you will read:

(A). The exam was really awful.
(B). It was the worst exam she had ever seen.
(C). It couldn’t have been more difficult.
(D). It wasn’t that hard.

You learn from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very difficult and that the woman disagreed with the man. The best answer to the question, “What does the woman mean?” is (D), “It wasn’t that hard.” Therefore, the correct choice is (D).

1. (A) Her concerns were expressed.
(B) She wonders if the concert was good.
(C) The music was fantastic.
(D) She wandered about during the night.

2. (A) In a bus station.
(B) In a post office.
(C) In an airport.
(D) In a travel agency.

3. (A) He spends half his time with his daughter.
(B) His daughter’s under a year old.
(C) His daughter will start school in a year and a half.
(D) His daughter’s eighteen months old.

4. (A) He’s on the basketball team.
(B) He doesn’t even like to play basketball.
(C) He’s too short to make the team.
(D) He thinks he’s tall enough.

5. (A) She’s thinking about her grade in the seminar.
(B) The seminar is quite realistic.
(C) The seminar will take a great deal of time.
(D) She agrees with the man about the seminar.

6. (A) The location of the meeting.
(B) The purpose of the meeting.
(C) Who will attend the meeting.
(D) The time the meeting starts.

7. (A) Preparing dinner later.
(B) Going to a restaurant.
(C) Cooking a full dinner.
(D) Eating dinner outside in the garden.

8. (A) She is fond of Joe.
(B) Joe is not lost anymore.
(C) She visits Joe regularly.
(D) The call was already made.

9. (A) He was quite fortunate.
(B) He lacked the opportunity to play the game.
(C) He didn’t actually win the game.
(D) He came sometime after Luke.

10. (A) It’s quite clean.
(B) It doesn’t move.
(C) It’s clearly better.
(D) It’s rather dirty.

To get complete diagnostic pre - test, click here to download.

Download Audio, click here

Answer Keys, Click Here

Audio, Click here

Listening Comprehension Section

The first section of the TOEFL test is the Listening Comprehension section. This section consists of fifty questions (some tests may be longer). You will listen to recorded materials and respond to questions about the material. You must listen carefully, because you will hear the recording one time only, and the material on the recording is not written in your test book.

There are three parts in the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL test:

1. Part A consists of thirty short conversations, each followed by a question. You must choose the best answer to each question from the four choices in your test book.
2. Part B consists of two longer conversations, each followed by a number of questions. You must choose the best answer to each question from the four choices in your test book.
3. Part C consists of three talks, each followed by a number of questions. You must choose the best answer to each question from the four choices in your test book.

 Read General Strategy of Listening Comprehension Section

General Strategy of Listening comprehension section

Below is the general strategy for Listening Comprehension Section for part A, part B and part C.

1. Be familiar with the directions. The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to listen carefully to them each time. You should be completely familiar with the directions before the day of the test.
2. Listen carefully to the conversations and talks. You should concentrate fully on what the speakers are saying on the recording because you will hear the recording one time only.
3. Know where the easier and more difficult questions are generally found. Within each part of the Listening Comprehension section, the questions generally progress from easy to difficult.
4. Never leave any questions blank on your answer sheet. Even if you are unsure of the correct response, you should answer the question. There is no penalty for guessing.
5. Use any remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the questions that follow. When you finish with one question, you may have time to look ahead at the answers to the next question.

Next article is Listening Part A

Listening Part A

(Indonesian Version)
Listening Part A or Short Dialogue is the first part of Listening Comprehension Section. There are thirty questions in this part.  For each of the thirty questions in Part A of the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL test, you will hear a short conversation between two speakers followed by a question. The conversations and questions are not written in your test book. After you listen to the conversation and question, you must choose the best answer to the question from your test book.

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(man)       : I need a car to drive to Arizona, and I don’t have one.
(woman)  ; Why not rent one ?
(narrator) : What does the woman suggest ?

In your test book, you read:

(A) Getting a red car.
(B) Renting an apartment in Arizona.
(C) Not driving to Arizona.
(D) Renting a car for the trip.

Answer (D) is the best answer to the question. Why not rent one? is a suggestion that he rent a car for his trip to Arizona.

Next article: Strategy for listening Part A

Strategy for listening Part A questions

Below is the strategy for listening Part A.
(Indonesian Version)

1. As you listen to each short conversation, focus on the second line of the conversation. The answer to the question is generally found in the second line of the conversation.

2. Keep in mind that the correct answer is probably a restatement of a key word or idea in the second line of the conversation. Think of possible restatements of the second line of the conversation.

3. Keep in mind that certain structures and expressions are tested regularly in Listening Part A. Listen for these structures and expressions:

• restatements
• negatives
• suggestions
• passives
• conclusions about who and where
• expressions of agreement

4. Keep in mind that these questions generally progress from easy to difficult. This means that questions 1 through 5 will be the easiest questions and questions 26 through 30 will he the hardest questions.

5. Read the answers and choose the best answer to each question. Remember to answer each question even if you are not sure of the correct response. Never leave any answers blank.

6. Even if you do not understand the complete conversation, you can find the correct answer.

• If you only understood a few words or ideas in the second line, choose the answer that contains a restatement of those words or ideas.
• If you did not understand anything at all in the second line of the conversation, choose the answer that sounds the most different from what you heard.
• Never choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the conversation.

Next --->Listening Skills Part A

How to score TOEFL Test

 Previous Article: Scoring Charts

How To Score TOEFL Test.
(Indonesian Version)

• The paper version of the TOEFL Test is scored on a scale 217 to 677 points.
• There is no passing score on the TOEFL test, but various institutions and organizations have their own TOEFL requirements. It is important for students to find out from each institution or organization what TOEFL Score is required by this institution or organization.

To score the TOEFL Test, you must have TOEFL Scoring Chart. The Scoring chart is used to convert the correct answer of each section of TOEFL Test. 

How to score TOEFL Test for PBT-TOEFL Test

1. Convert the correct answer of the three sections of TOEFL Test (Listening, Structure and Reading).

    For example:

    Section 1 (Listening Comprehension)

    Correct answer                 Converted score

              29                                      50

    Section 2 (Structure and Written Expression)

    Correct answer                 Converted score

             26                                        50

     Section 3 (Reading Comprehension)

      Correct answer               Converted score

              33                                       50

2. Sum up all converted score (Section 1,2,3).

    50  +  50  +  50  =   150

3. Then the result of addition is divided by 3

    150  :  3  =  50

4. The result of division is multiplied by 10

    50  X  10  = 500

   So, the TOEFL Score is 500

Look at the following outline:

Next article: Sample of Answer Sheet for TOEFL Test

TOEFL Scoring Charts

TOEFL Scoring chart that we provide here is only for PBT-TOEFL Test  (Paper Based Test), not for CBT (Computer Based Test) or iBT (Internet Based Test). Below is image sample of TOEFL Scoring Chart  for PBT-TOEFL Test.

  

To get the complete TOEFL Scoring Chart, click here to download.

Next Article: How To Score TOEFL Test

Answer sheet for TOEFL Test

Before studying Listening Skills of TOEFL Test, you had better do the diagnostic pre-test to check your listening proficiency. Just download Listening Disnostic Pre-Test to do the pre-test. To do the test, you need TOEFL Test Answer Sheet as seen below as sample.

To get full TOEFL Test Answer Sheet, Click here to download.

Listening Part A: Listening Skills

Listening Part A or short dialogue has 6 skills and the skills will help you to implement these strategies in Part A of the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL test.

1. Skill 1 : Restatement
2. Skill 2 : Negative
3. Skill 3 : Suggestions
4. Skill 4 : Passives
5. Skill 5 : Who and Where
6. Skill 6 : Agreement

Each skill includes:

• Explanation
• Example
• Exercise
• TOEFL Exercise, and
• TOEFL Review Exercise

TOEFL LISTENING PART A

• SKILL 1: RESTATEMENT 
• SKILL 2: NEGATIVE 
• REVIEW EXERCISE SKILLS 1-2
• SKILL 3: SUGGESTIONS 
• REVIEW EXERCISE SKILLS 1-3
• SKILL 4: PASSIVES
• REVIEW EXERCISE SKILLS 1-4
• SKILL 5: WHO AND WHERE
• REVIEW EXERCISE SKILLS 1-5
• SKILL 6: AGREEMENT
• REVIEW EXERCISE SKILLS 1-6

Listening Part A : Skill 1 - Restatement

SKILL  1 : RESTATEMENT
(Indonesian Version)

Often the correct answer in Listening Part A is an answer that contains a restatement of the ideas in the second line of the conversation.

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(woman)     : Steve, is something the matter? You don’t look veiy good.
(man)          : Oh, I’m feeling a little sick today.
(narrator)    :  What does the man mean?

In your test book, you read:

(A) He’s not very good-looking.
(B) He’s a bit ill.
(C) He looks worse than he feels.
(D) His feet are a little thick.

In this conversation, sick means ill, and a little means a bit. The best answer to this question is therefore answer (B) because answer (B) restates the idea in the second line of the dialogue. Please note that answer (D) is definitely not a correct answer because it contains feet instead of feel and thick instead of sick. These words are similar in sound but not in meaning to the words that you hear on the recording.

THE BEST STRATEGY: CHOOSE ANSWERS WITH RESTATEMENTS

•  As you listen to the second line of the conversation, you should focus on the key idea(s) in that line.
• If you see a restatement of the key idea(s) in a particular answer, then you have probably found the correct answer.
• Do not choose answers with words that sound similar to the words on the recording.

EXERCISE 1: In this exercise, underline the key idea(s) in the second line of each short conversation. Then underline restatements of these key words in the answers, and choose the best answer to each question. Remember that the best answer is probably the answer that contains a restatement of the key idea(s) in the second line of the conversation.

1. (woman) : What do you like about your new house?
    (man)      : It’s very close to a park.
    (narrator): What does the man mean?

     (A).The house is closed up now.
     (B) He parks his car close to his house.
     (C) His home is near a park.
     (D) He doesn’t really like his new house.

2. (man)      : Mark said some really nice things to me.
    (woman) : He’s very grateful for what you did.
    (narrator): What does the woman say about Mark?

    (A) He did a great job.
    (B) He bought a crate full of fruit.
    (C) He made a great fool of himself. He’s thankful.
     (D) He’s thankful.

3. (woman) : Sam, you’ve been working at the computer for hours.
    (man)      : Yes, and I need to take a break.
    (narrator): What does the man mean?

    (A) The computer’s broken.
    (B) He needs to relax for a while.
    (C) He should keep working.
    (D) He’s broke.

  Next ===>>  TOEFL Exercise 1

  Next  Skill --> Skill 2: Negatives

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About Paper Version of The TOEFL Test (PBT)

Previous article: Types of TOEFL Test

About PBT (Paper Based Test)
(Indonesian Version)

The TOEFL Test is a test to measure the English proficiency of nonnative speakers of English. It is required primarily by English language college and universities.  Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. The TOEFL test currently exists in paper, computer and internet formats.  The Purpose of this book is to prepare students for the paper version of the TOEFL test.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST

 The paper version of the TOEFL Test recently has the following sections:

1. Listening Comprehension: To demonstrate their ability to understand spoken English, examines must listen to various types of passages on a recording and respond to multiply choice questions about passages.
2. Structure and Written Expression: To demonstrate their abilities to recognize grammatically correct English, examinees must either choose the correct answer way to complete sentences or find errors in sentences.
3. Reading Comprehension: To demonstrate their ability to understand written English, examinees must answer multiply choice questions about the ideas and the meanings of words in reading passages.
4. Test of Written English (TWE): a separate test to measure a student's ability to write an essay on a given topic.

The probable format of a paper TOEFL test is outlined below.

Next Article: How to prepare for paper TOEFL test

TOEFL Structure and Written Expression Pre Test

PRE TEST is aimed at

1. Finding out someone's structure or grammar skill before studying the them.
2. Checking how far TOEFL Test Takers have mastered grammar.
3. Finding out someone's written skill before studying written skill
4. Checking how well TOEFL Test Takers have mastered written expression

PRE TEST consists of two parts:

1. Structure - 15 numbers (No 1 - 15)
2. Written expression - 25 Numbers (No 16 - 40)

Good Luck!!!

DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time - 25 minutes

(including the reading of the directions)

Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example I

The president _________ the election by a landslide.

(A) won
(B) he won
(C) yesterday
(D) fortunately

The sentence should read, “The president won the election by a landslide.” Therefore, you should choose answer (A).

Example II

When _______ the conference?

(A) the doctor attended
(B) did the doctor attend
(C) the doctor will attend
(D) the doctor’s attendance

The sentence should read, “When did the doctor attend the conference?” Therefore, you should choose answer (B).

1. In the early 1 900s, Eastman _____ inexpensive Brownie box cameras.
(A) it developed
(B) it was developed
(C) developed
(D) developing

2. _____ the discovery of the fossilized remnants of tides in one-billion-year-old rocks.
(A) Geological reports
(B) Geologists report
(C) The reports of geologists
(D) Geologists’ reports

3. The Brooklyn Bridge _____ took thirteen years to complete.
(A) in New York
(B) is in New York
(C) it is in New York
(D) which New York

4. Genes control all of the physical _____ we inherit.
(A) that traits
(B) that are traits
(C) traits that
(D) traits are that

5. Indigo can be extracted from a plant, and then _____ to dye cloth blue.
(A) it
(B) using
(C) using it
(D) it can be used


Download Complete Material.

Answer Sheet, Click here.

To get the answer keys, click here.

Structure and written expression

Structure and Written expression is the second section of the TOEFL Test.This section consists of forty questions (some tests may be longer). You have twenty-five minutes to complete the forty questions in this section.

There are two types of questions in the Structure and Written Expression section of the TOEFL test:

1. Structure (questions 1—15).

It consists of fifteen sentences in which part of the sentence has been replaced with a blank. Each sentence is followed by four answer choices. You must choose the answer that completes the sentence in a grammatically correct way.

2. Written Expression (questions 16—40).

It consists of twenty-five sentences in which four words or groups of words have been underlined. You must choose the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.

Next --> Read General Strategy of Structure and Written Expression

General Strategy of Structure and Written Expression

Previous <---- Structure and Written Expression

General Strategy of Structure and Written Expression

1. Be familiar with the directions.

The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully when you take the test. You should be completely familiar with the directions before the day of the test.

2. Begin with questions 1 through 15.

Anticipate that questions 1 through 5 will be the easiest. Anticipate that questions 11 through 15 will be the most difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 11 through 15. There will be easier questions that come later.

3. Continue with questions 16 through 40.

Anticipate that questions 16 through 20 will be the easiest. Anticipate that questions 36 through 40 will be the most difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 36 through 40.

4. If you have time, return to questions 11 through 15.

You should spend extra time on questions 11 through 15 only after you spend all the time that you want on the easier questions.

5. Never leave any questions blank on your answer sheet.

Even if you are not sure of the correct response, you should answer the question. There is no penalty for guessing.

 Next --> Structure Questions

Structure questions in TOEFL Test

Previous <--  General Strategy of Structure and Written expression.

Questions I through 15 in the Structure and Written Expression section of the TOEFL test measure your knowledge of the correct structure of English sentences. The questions in this section are multiple-choice questions in which you must choose the letter of the answer that best completes the sentence.

Example

________ greeted me enthusiastically at the front door.

(A) Parental
(B) If
(C) My friends
(D) Them

In this example, you should notice immediately that the sentence has a verb, greeted, and that the verb needs a subject. Answers (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because parental, if, and them are not subjects. The correct answer is answer (C).

Next --> Strategy for structure questions

Strategy for Structure Questions

Previous article <-- Structure questions

Strategy for structure questions

1. First study the sentence.

    Your purpose is to determine what is needed to complete the sentence correctly.

2. Then study each answer based on how well it completes the sentence.

     Eliminate answers that do not complete the sentence correctly.

3. Do not try to eliminate incorrect answers by looking only at the answers.

    The incorrect answers are generally correct by themselves. The incorrect answers are generally incorrect
     only when used to complete the sentence.

4. Never leave any answers blank.

    Be sure to answer each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.

5. Do not spend too much time on the Structure questions.

    Be sure to leave adequate time for the Written Expression questions.

Next --> Structure Skills

TOEFL Reading Diagnostic Pre Test

Previous <--- Strategy for reading comprehension questions

The Following Diagnostic Pre-Test is for PBT only.

DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST

SECTION 3

READING COMPREHENSION

Time—5 5 minutes

(including the reading of the directions)

Now set your clock for 55 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. This section contains reading passages and questions about the passages.

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

Read the following passage:

                 John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829, is  today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various other political offices that he held.

Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of speech, the

 antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian domination.

Example I

To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life?

(A) Improving his personal life
(B) Serving the public
(C) Increasing his fortune
(D) Working on his private business

According to the passage, John Quincy Adams “dedicated his life to public service.” Therefore, you should choose answer (B).

Example II

In line 4, the word “unswerving” is closest in meaning to

(A) moveable
(B) insignificant
(C) unchanging
(D) diplomatic

The passage states that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief “throughout his career.” This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose answer (C).

• Download  Reading Pre Test Material

• Download Answer Sheet

• Get Answer Keys

Skills of Structure question in TOEFL Test

After reading Strategy for structure questions,  You must learn the problems and  skills usually  tested in Structure Questions. There are ten problems or skills usually tested in Structure questions. The skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Structure section of the TOEFL test.

(Indonesian Version)

The ten problems or  skills are:

1. Problem with  Subject and Verbs

2. Problem with  Objects of Prepositions

3. Problem with Present Participles

4. Problem with Past Participles

5. Problem with Coordinate Connectors

6. Problem with  Adverb Clause Connectors

7. Problem with Noun Clause Connectors

8. Problem with Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects

9. Problem with Adjective Clause Connectors

10. Problem with Adjective Clause Connectors/Subject

Next ---> Learn Skill 1: Subject and Verbs

SKILL 1: Subjects and Verbs

Previous Article: Skills of Structure Questions

You know that a sentence in English should have a subject and a verb. The most common types of problems that you will encounter in the Structure section of the TOEFL test are related to subjects and verbs; perhaps the sentence is missing either the subject, or the verb, or both; perhaps the sentence has an extra subject or verb.

Example I

______was ringing continuously for hours.

(A) Loudly
(B) In the morning
(C) The phone
(D) The bells

Analysis:

In this example, you should notice immediately that there is a verb, was ringing, but there is no subject. Answer (C) is the best answer because it is a singular subject that agrees with the singular verb was ringing. Answer (A), loudly, and answer (B), in the morning, are not subjects, so they are not correct. Although answer (D), bells, could be a subject, it is not correct because bells is plural and it does not agree with the singular verb was ringing.

Example II

Newspapers _______ every morning and every evening.

(A) delivery
(B) are delivered
(C) on time
(D) regularly


Analysis:

In this example, you should notice immediately that the sentence has a subject, newspapers, but that there is no verb. Because answer (B), are delivered, is a verb, it is the best answer. Answers (A), (C), and (D) are not verbs, so they are not correct.

Example III

The plane __________ landing at the airport in five minutes.

(A) it is
(B) it really is
(C) is descending
(D) will be

Analysis:

This sentence has a subject, plane, and has part of a verb, landing; to be correct, some form of the verb be is needed to make the verb complete. Answers (A) and (B) are incorrect because the sentence already has a subject, plane, and does not need the extra subject it. Answer (C) is incorrect because descending is an extra part of a verb that is unnecessary because of landing. Answer (D) is the best answer; will be together with landing is a complete verb.

SUBJECTS AND VERBS

A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb. The first thing you should do as you read a sentence in the Structure section of the TOEFL test is to find the subject and the verb.

EXERCISE 1

Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect ( I ).

1. My best friend always helpful with problems. ( I )

    Analysis:
 
    The subject of the sentence above is My best friend, but there is no Verb. So, incorrect.
    The correct sentence should be My best friend is always helpful and with problems. 

2. The bus schedule has changed since last week. (C)

    Analysis:

    The subject is The bus and verb is has changed, so the sentence is Correct.

3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor. ( I )

    Analysis:

   The sentence doesn't have a Subject. The verb is dropped, so it is incorrect.
   The correct sentence should be Accidentally she or he dropped the glass on the floor.

4. The customer paying the clerk for the clothes. (I)

    Analysis:

    The sentence doesn't have to be, is. So incorrect
    It should be The customer is paying the clerk for the clothes.

5. The professor handed the syllabus to the students. (C)

    Analysis:

    The sentence has subject, the professor and verb, handed. So it is correct

6. Each day practiced the piano for hours. (I)

    Analysis:

     The sentence doesn't have subject. The verb is practiced. So incorrect.
     It should be Each day they practiced the piano for hours.

7. The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop. (C)

    Analysis:

    The sentence has subject, The basket ball player and verb, tossed. So it is correct

8. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly. (I)

    Analysis:

    The sentence has subject, The new student, but no verb. So incorrect.
    The correct sentence can be The new student in the class is very talkative and friendly.

9. Walking with the children to school.(I)

    Analysis:

    The sentence doesn't have a Subject. It has main verb, walking but without tobe. So incorrect.
    The correct sentence could be She/he is walking with the children to school


10. The whales headed south for the winter. (C)

      Analysis:

     The sentence has a subject, the whales and verb, headed. So, it correct


Next ---> Skill 2: Objects of Preposition

 To Get Answer Keys, CLICK HERE

Listening Part A : Skill 2 - Negatives

Preview Skill--> Skill 1: Restatement

Skill 2: Negative
(Indonesian Version)

Negative expressions are very common in Listening Part A. The most common kind of correct response to a negative statement is a positive statement containing a word with an opposite meaning.

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(woman)  :  Did you get a lot of work done at the library today?
(man)       :  I couldn’t. It wasn’t very quiet there.
(narrator) :  What does the man mean?

In your test book, you read:

(A) The library was noisy
(B) He got a lot done.
(C) He couldn’t quite get to the library today.
(D) The library’s a good place to work because it’s quiet.

The correct answer is answer (A). If it was not quiet in the library, this means that it was noisy. Notice that the correct answer uses noisy, the opposite of quiet.

The following chart shows how negatives can be tested on the TOEFL test.

EXERCISE 2: In this exercise, underline the negative expression in the second line of each short conversation. Then read the question, and choose the best answer to that question. Remember that the best answer is one that uses an opposite meaning.

On the recording, you hear:

1. (woman) :  You made so many mistakes in this homework.
    (man)      :  I wasn’t very careful.
    (narrator): What does the man mean?

    (A) He was rather careless.
    (B) He does not care about mistakes.
    (C) He took care of the work at home.
    (D) He did not carry the work home.

2. (man)      : Is there a lot of soup? I’m kind of hungry.
    (woman) :  Sorry, there’s not a lot.
    (narrator): What does the woman mean?

    (A) There’s not very much soap.
    (B) She doesn’t like soup.
    (C) There’s only a little soup.
    (D) The man should not be hungry.

3. (woman)  : How was the weather on your trip?
    (man)      : There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.
    (narrator): What does the man mean?

     (A) It was cloudy.
     (B) He couldn’t see the sky
    (C) It wasn’t very crowded.
    (D) There was a lot of sunshine.

Next ==> TOEFL Exercise 2 and TOEFL Review Exercise (Skill 1 and 2) , download below:

• Download Material for TOEFL Exercise 2 and TOEFL Review Exercise (Skill 1 and 2)

Next Skill --> Skill 3:  Suggestions

Reading Comprehension

The third section of the TOEFL test is the Reading Comprehension section. This section consists of fifty questions (some tests may be longer). You have fifty-five minutes to complete the fifty questions in this section.

In this part of the test you will be given reading passages, and you will be asked two types of questions about the reading passages:

1. Reading Comprehension questions ask you to answer questions about the information given in the reading passages. There will be a variety of questions about each reading passage, including main idea questions, directly answered detail questions, and implied detail questions.
2. Vocabulary questions ask you to identify the meanings of vocabulary words in the reading passages. To answer these questions, you may have to know the meanings of the words. You can also identify the meanings of some of the words by understanding the context surrounding the words.

GENERAL STRATEGIES

1. Be familiar with the directions. The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully when you take the t should be completely familiar with the directions before the day of the test.
2. Do not spend too much time reading the passages! You do not have time to read each reading passage in depth, and it is quite possible to answer the questions correctly without first reading the passages in depth. Some students prefer to spend a minute or two on each passage reading for the main idea before starting on the questions. Other students prefer to move directly to the questions without reading the passages first.
3. Do not worry if a reading passage is on a topic that you are unfamiliar with. All of the information that you need to answer the questions is included in the passages. You do not need any background knowledge to answer the questions.
4. Never leave any questions blank on your answer sheet. Even if you are unsure of the correct response, you should answer the question. There is no penalty for guessing.

Reading Comprehension Questions

 Previous <---- Reading comprehension section


The Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL test consists of five reading passages, each followed by a number of reading comprehension and vocabulary questions. Topics of the reading passages are varied, but they are often informational subjects that might be studied in an American university: American history, literature, art, architecture, geology, geography, and astronomy, for example.

Time is definitely a factor in the Reading Comprehension section. Many students who take the TOEFL test note that they are unable to finish all the questions in this section. Therefore, you need to make the most efficient use of your time in this section to get the highest score. The following method is the best way of attacking a reading passage to get the most questions correct in a limited amount of time.

Next --> Strategy for reading comprehension questions

Strategy for reading comprehension questions

Previous <---- Reading comprehension questions info

1.  Skim the reading passage to determine the main idea and the overall organization of ideas in 
     the passage. You do not need to understand every detail in a passage to answer the questions correctly.
     It is therefore a waste of time to read the passage with the intent of understanding every single detail
     before you try to answer the questions.

2. Look ahead at the questions to determine what types of questions you must answer. Each type of
    question is answered in a different way.

3. Find the section of the passage that deals with each question. The question type tells you exactly
    where to look in the passage to find correct answers.

• For main idea questions, look at the first line of each paragraph.
• For directly and indirectly answered detail questions, choose a key word in the question, and skim for that key word (or a related idea) in order in the passage.
• For vocabulary questions, the question will tell you where the word is located in the passage.
• For where questions, the answers are found anywhere in the passage.

4.  Read the part of the passage that contains the answer carefully. The answer will probably be in the
     same sentence (or one sentence before or after) the key word or idea.

5.  Choose the best answer to each question from the four answer choices listed in your test book.
     You can  choose the best answer according to what is given in the appropriate section of the passage,
     eliminate definitely wrong answers, and mark your best guess on the answer sheet.


Next Article ---> Problem with Main Idea Questions

Listening Part A : Skill 3 - Suggestion

Previous skill <--- Skill 2: Negatives

Suggestions are common in Listening Part A, so you should become familiar with them. The following example shows an expression of a suggestion.
(Indonesian Version)

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(man)       : I haven’t talked with my parents in a while.
(woman)  :  Why don’t you call them now?
(narrator) :  What does the woman suggest?

In your test book, you read:

(A) Calling off his visit.
(B) Talking about his parents.
(C) Calling his parents in a while.
(D) Phoning his family.

In this example, the expression why don’t is an expression of suggestion, so the woman’s suggestion is to call them. This means that the woman suggests phoning his family. The best answer is therefore answer (D).

The following chart lists common expressions that show suggestion.

EXERCISE 3: In this exercise, underline the expression of suggestion in each short conversation. Then read the question, and choose the best answer to that question. Remember that the best answer is one that gives a suggestion.

On the recording you hear:

1. (man)       : The weather’s so beautiful  today.
    (woman)  : Let’s walk to school instead of driving.
    (narrator) : What does the woman suggest?

    (A) Taking the car to school.
    (B) Taking a walk instead of going to school.
    (C) Going for a drive in the beautiful weather.
    (D) Walking to class. (Answer)

On the recording you hear:

2. (woman)  : I never have enough spending money.
    (man)       : Why not get a part-time job?
    (narrator) :  What does the man suggest?

    (A) Spending less money.
    (B) Doing a better job at work.
    (C) Earning some money. (Answer)
    (D) Spending less time at her job.

On the recording you hear:

3. (man)        : We don’t have any planstonight, do we?
    (woman)   : No, so why don’t we invite some friends over to dinner?
    (narrator)  : What does the womansuggest?

    (A) Having a dinner party. (Answer)
    (B) Stopping the fight with their friends.
    (C) Planning a trip.
    (D) Making some new friends.

Next ===> TOEFL Exercise 3 and TOEFL Review Exercise 1-3

Next Skill ---> Skill 4 : Passives

SKILL 2: Objects of Preposition

Previous skill <---- Skill 1: Subjects and Verbs

An object of a preposition is a noun or a pronoun that comes after a preposition such as in, at, of to, by, behind, and on to form a prepositional phrase.
(Indonesian Version)

The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last (for three hours)

This sentence contains three objects of prepositions. Island is the object of the preposition to; Saturday is the object of the preposition on; hours is the object of the preposition for.

An object of a preposition can cause confusion in the Structure section of the TOEFL test because it can be mistaken for the subject of a sentence.

Example

To Mike ____ was a big surprise.

(A) really
(B) the party
(C) funny
(D) when

In this example, you should look first for the subject and the verb. You should notice the verb was and should also notice that there is no subject. Do not think that Mike is the subject; Mike is the object of the preposition to, and one noun cannot be both a subject and an object at the same time. Because a subject is needed in this sentence, answer (B), the party, is the best answer. Answers (A), (C), and (D) are not correct because they cannot be subjects.

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about objects of prepositions.

Now, Let's do and analyze the exercise below:

EXERCISE 2: Each of the following sentences contains one or more prepositional phrases. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the verb. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. The name of the baby in the crib is Jack. (C)

     Analysis:

    Subject is The name of baby and Verb is IS. So, it is correct
    The Crib is only object of preposition

2. By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers.( I)

    Analysis:

   Verb is need but there is no Subject. So, it is Incorrect
   The next meeting of the class is NOT subject, it is object of preposition

3. The directions to the exercise on page 20 unclear.

    Analysis:

    Subject is The directions but there is no Verb. So, it is incorrect.
    The exercise is not subject, it is object of preposition.

4. Because of the heavy rain throughout the night, the walkways are muddy.

   Analysis:

   Subject is the walkways and Verb is Are. So, it is correct.
   The heavy rain throughout the night is only object of preposition.

5. During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria.

   Analysis:

   Verb is eat but there is no Subject. So, it is incorrect
   The week is not Subject, it is object of preposition

6. In the morning after the concert was tired.

    Analysis:

   Verb is was but there is no Subject. So, it is incorrect.
   The concert is not Subject, it is object of preposition.

7. In the summer the trip to the mountains is our favorite trip.

    Analysis:

    Subject is the trip and verb is Is. So, it is correct
   
8. In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house.

    Analysis:

    No Subject and No verbs.
  
9. With her purse in her hand ran through the door.

    Analysis:

    Verb is ran but there is no Subject. So, it is incorrect.
    Her purse and her hand are only object of preposition

10. At 1:00 in the morning the alarm clock on the table beside the bed rang.

      Analysis:

      Subject is the alarm clock and Verb is rang. So, it is correct

------------------------------------------------------------------

• Please continue with TOEFL Exercise 1 (Skill1 -2)  and TOEFL Review Exercise (Skill 1-2). Download the material here.
• Download skill 1 and 2 

Next Skill ---> Skill 3: Present Participles  

To Get Answer Keys, CLICK HERE

SKILL 3: Present Participles

Previous Skill <---- Skill 2: Objects of Prepostion

Present participles can-cause confusion in the Structure section of the TOEFL test because a present participle can be either an adjective or a part of the verb. A present participle is the - ing form of the verb. It is part of the verb when it is preceded by some form of the verb be.
(Indonesian Version)

The train is arriving at the station now. (Arriving is VERB)

                                                           

In this sentence, arriving is part of the verb because it is accompanied by is.

A present participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb be.

The train arriving at the station now is an hour late. (Arriving is ADJECTIVE)

                                                        
In this sentence, arriving is an adjective and not part of the verb because it is not accompanied by some form of be. The verb in this sentence is is.

The following example shows how a present participle can be confused with the verb in the Structure section of the TOEFL test.

Example

The film ____ appearing at the local theater is my favorite.

(A) now
(B) is
(C) it
(D) was

In this example, if you look at only the first words of the sentence, it appears that film is the subject and appearing is part of the verb. If you think that appearing is part of the verb, you might choose answer (B), is, or answer (D), was, to complete the verb. However, these two answers are incorrect because appearing is not part of the verb. You should recognize that appearing is a participial adjective rather than a verb because there is another verb in the sentence, is. In this sentence, there is a complete subject, film, and a complete verb, is, so this sentence does not need another subject or verb. The best answer to this question is answer (A).

EXERCISE 3: Each of the following sentences contains one or more present participles. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the present participles, and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

 1. The crying baby needs to be picked up. (C)
             ADJ.

2. The clothes are lying the floor should go into the washing machine. (I)
                          VERB

3. The waitress bringing the steaming soup to the waiting diners.

4. Most of the striking workers are walking the picket line.

5. For her birthday, the child is getting a talking doll.

6. The setting sun creating a rainbow of colors in the sky.

7. The ship is sailing to Mexico is leaving tonight.

8. The letters needing immediate answers are on the desk.

9. The boring class just ending a few minutes ago.

10. The fast-moving clouds are bringing freezing rain to the area.


Next Skill: ---> Skill 4: past Prticiples

To Get Answer Keys, CLICK HERE

Listening Part A : Skill 4 - Passives

Previous Skill <--- Skill 3: Suggestions

It is sometimes difficult to understand who or what is doing the action in a passive sentence. This problem is often tested in Listening Part A.

(Indonesian version)

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(man)       :  Is that a new chair?
(woman)  :  Yes, we just bought it last week.
(narrator) :  What does the woman mean?

In your test book, you read:

(A) She brought the chair with her.
(B) The chair was lost for a week.
(C) The chair was purchased recently.
(D) She bought the last chair from the store.

In this conversation, the woman uses an active idea, we. . . bought it [ the chair]. The correct answer uses the passive idea the chair was purchased. Therefore, the best answer to the question above is answer (C).

You should note the following about passive sentences in Listening Part A.

PASSIVE STATEMENTS

1. If the conversation contains a passive statement, the answer to the question is often an active statement.
2. If the conversation contains an active statement, the answer to the question is often a passive statement.

EXERCISE 4: In this exercise, each of the correct answers is either a passive restatement of an active sentence or an active restatement of a passive sentence. Read the short conversation, and underline the key active or passive statement. Then read the question, and choose the best answer to the question. Make sure you understand who or what is doing the action in these passive sentences.

1. (man)       : What happened to your notebook?
    (woman)  :  I left it in the cafeteria.
    (narrator) :  What does the woman imply?

    (A) The cafeteria is to the left.
    (B) She left a note on the cafeteria door.
    (C) She took some notes in the cafeteria.
    (D) The notebook was left in the cafeteria.


2. (man)       : When are we going to talk about the problem with the copy machine?
    (woman)  : It will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
    (narrator) : What does the woman mean?

    (A) She needs to make copies before the meeting.
    (B) They will talk about the problem tomorrow.
    (C) It is a problem to have a meeting.
    (D) They must discuss whether or not to have a meeting.

3. (woman)   :  Did you correct the paper?
    (man)        :  I checked every single line again and again.
    (narrator)  :  What does the man mean?

   (A) The paper has been thoroughly corrected.
   (B) He wrote many of the lines over and over.
   (C) The checkmarks were on every line of the paper.
   (D) He wrote a check for the paper.


Continue with:

• TOEFL Exercise 4 and TOEFL Review Exercise (Skill 1-4)

Next Skill ---> Skill 5: Who and Where

SKILL 4: past participle

Previous skill <---- Skill 3: Present Participles

Past participles can cause confusion in the Structure section of the TOEFL test because a past participle can be either an adjective or a part of the verb. The past participle is the form of the verb that appears with have or be. It often ends in -ed, but there are also many irregular past participles in English.
(Indonesian Version)

The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox. (Left is VERB)

                                          

The classes were taught by Professor Smith. (Taught is VERB)

In the first sentence, the past participle left is part of the verb because it is accompanied by has. In the second sentence, the past participle taught is part of the verb because it is accompanied by were.

A past participle is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of be or have.

The letter left in the mailbox was for me. (Left is ADJECTIVE)

The classes taught by Professor Smith were very interesting. (Taught is ADJECTIVE)

In the first sentence, left is an adjective rather than a verb because it is not accompanied by a form of be or have (and there is a verb, was, later in the sentence). In the second sentence, taught is an adjective rather than a verb because it is not accompanied by a form of be or have (and there is a verb, were, later in the sentence).

The following example shows how a past participle can be confused with the verb in the Structure section of the TOEFL test.

Example

The bread _____ baked this morning smelled delicious.

(A) has
(B) was
(C) it
(D) just

In this example, if you look only at the first few words of the sentence, it appears that bread is the subject and baked is either a complete verb or a past participle that needs a helping verb. But if you look further in the sentence, you will see the verb smelled. You will then recognize that baked is a participial adjective and is therefore not part of the verb. Answers (A) and (B) are incorrect because baked is an adjective and does not need a helping verb such as has or was. Answer (C) is incorrect because there is no need for the subject it. Answer (D) is the best answer to this question.

EXERCISE 4: Each of the following sentences contains one or more past participles. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the past participles, and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. The food is served in this restaurant is delicious. (Incorrect)

    Analysis:

    The sentence should be "The food served in this restaurant is delicious".
    is served is incorrect, it should be served (past participle as an Adjective).
    Subject is The food and Verb is IS

2. The plane landed on the deserted runway. (Correct)

   Analysis:

   Subject is The place and Verb is landed
   Deserted is past participle as an adjective
  
3. The unexpected guests arrived just at dinnertime. (Correct)

    Analysis:

    Subject is unexpected guests and Verb is arrived
    Unexpected is past participle as an adjective

4. The courses are listed in the catalogue are required courses. (Incorrect)

    Analysis:

    The sentence should be The course listed in the dialogue are required courses.
     Subject is The course and Verb is are required.
     are listed is inccorect, but it should be listed (be past participle as an adjective)

5. The teacher found the lost exam. (Correct)

     Analysis:

     Subject is The teacher and Verb is found
     Lost is past participle as an adjective

6. The small apartment very crowded and disorganized. (Incorrect)

     Analysis

     Subject is the small apartment but there is no Verb
     The sentence should be The small apartment is very crowded and disorganized.
     Crowded and disorganized are past participle as adjectives.

7. The photographs developed yesterday showed Sam and his friends. (Correct)

    Analysis:

    Subject is The photograph and Verb is showed

    Developed is past participle as adjective

8. The locked drawer contained the unworn jewels. (Correct)

    Analysis:

    Subject is the locked drawer and Verb is contained
    Locked and unworn are past participle as adjectives

9. The tree was blown over in the storm was cut into logs. (Incorrect)

    Analysis;

    The sentence should be The tree blown over in the storm was cut into logs
    was blown should be blown (past participle as adjective)
    Subject is The tree and verb is was cut

10. The students registered in this course are listed on that sheet of paper. (Correct)

     Analysis:

      Subject is The students and Verb is are listed
      Registered is past participle as adjective
      listed is past participle as verb

You can continue with:

•  Exercise (Skill2 3-4) and TOEFL Review Exercise (Skill 1-4) (Download)

Next skill ---> Skill 5: Coordinate Connectors

 To Get Answer Keys, CLICK HERE

Listening Part A : Skill 5 - Who and Where

Previous Skill <--- Skill 4: Passives

It is common in Listening Part A to ask you to draw some kind of conclusion. In this type of question the answer is not clearly stated; instead you must draw a conclusion based on clues given in the conversation. 

WHO 

One kind of conclusion that is common in this part of the test is to ask you to determine who the speaker is, based on clues given in the conversation.

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(man)       : What do you do during your performances?
(woman)  : I play the piano and sing.
(narrator) :  Who is the woman most likely to be?

In your test book, you read:

(A) An athlete.
(B) A member of the audience.
(C) A clerk in a music store.
(D) A musician

The clues performances, piano, and sing in the conversation tell you that the woman is probably a musician. Answer (D) is therefore the correct answer.

WHERE

Another type of conclusion that is common in Listening Part A is to determine where the conversation probably takes place, based on clues given in the conversation.

Example

On the recording, you hear:

(man)       :  I’d like to open an account, please.
(woman)  :  What type of account would you like, a checking or savings account.
(narrator) :  Where does this conversation probably take place?

In your test book, you read:

(A) In an accounting class.
(B) In a bank.
(C) At a service station.
(D) In a market.

The clue checking or savings account in the conversation tells you that this conversation probably takes place in a bank. Answer (B) is therefore the correct answer.

The following outlines the key point that you should remember about this type of question.

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT WHO AND WHERE

It is common for you to be asked to draw the following conclusions in Listening Part A:

1. Who is probably talking?

2. Where does the conversation probably take place?

EXERCISE 5

In this exercise, read the short conversation and question, underline the clues that help you answer the question, and then choose the best answer. You will have to draw conclusions about who and where.

1. (man)       :  I’d like to mail this package, please.
    (woman)  :  First or second class?
    (narrator) : Who is the woman most likely to be?

    (A) A school administrator.
    (B) A postal worker.
    (C) A banker.
    (D) A teacher.

2. (woman)  :  How much are the flowers?
    (man)       : Ten dollars a bouquet.
    (narrator) : Where does this conversation probably take place?

    (A) In a bakery
    (B) In a grocery store.
   (C) In a florist shop.
   (D) In a garden.

3. (man)      :  I need to get this prescription filled.
    (woman) : If you’ll take a seat, I’ll have your medicine ready for you in a moment.
    (narrator): Who is the woman most likely to be?

    (A) A pharmacist.
    (B) A baby-sitter.
    (C) A flight attendant.
    (D) A doctor

Continue with:

1. TOEFL Exercise 5 and TOEFL Review Exercise (Skill 1-5)

Next Skill --> Skill 6: Agreement